Unser 10. Leibniz Plant Biochemistry Symposium am 7. und 8. Mai war ein großer Erfolg. Thematisch ging es in diesem Jahr um neue Methoden und Forschungsansätze der Naturstoffchemie. Die exzellenten Vorträge über Wirkstoffe…
Omanische Heilpflanze im Fokus der Phytochemie IPB-Wissenschaftler und Partner aus Dhofar haben jüngst die omanische Heilpflanze Terminalia dhofarica unter die phytochemische Lupe genommen. Die Pflanze ist reich an…
Geschmack ist vorhersagbar: Mit FlavorMiner. FlavorMiner heißt das Tool, das IPB-Chemiker und Partner aus Kolumbien jüngst entwickelt haben. Das Programm kann, basierend auf maschinellem Lernen (KI), anhand der…
Wessjohann, L. A.; Neves Filho, R. A. W.; Puentes, A. R.; Morejon, M. C.;Macrocycles from Multicomponent ReactionsZhu, J., et al., eds.231-264(2015)ISBN:9783527678174DOI: 10.1002/9783527678174.ch09
This chapter focuses on approaches where IMCRs were used in the macrocyclization step itself. In contrast to the conventional approach, IMCR‐based protocols not only mediate the ring‐closing step, but also allow for the incorporation of one or more components as diversity elements into the final product, in an atom‐economical way without additional activation required. However, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are very suited for the straightforward synthesis of macrocycles endowed with a high level of diversity. The first part concentrates on IMCR‐based macrocyclizations involving a single bifunctional building block (e.g., peptides), followed by those including two bifunctional or trifunctional building blocks. Finally, it discusses the sequential IMCR‐based macrocyclization approaches.
Bücher und Buchkapitel
Tissier, A.; Ziegler, J.; Vogt, T.;Specialized Plant Metabolites: Diversity and BiosynthesisKrauss, G.-J. & Nies, D. H., eds.14-37(2015)ISBN:9783527686063DOI: 10.1002/9783527686063.ch2
Plant secondary metabolites, also termed specialized plant metabolites, currently comprise more than 200 000 natural products that are all based on a few biosynthetic pathways and key primary metabolites. Some pathways like flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis are universally distributed in the plant kingdom, whereas others like alkaloid or cyanogenic glycoside biosynthesis are restricted to a limited set of taxa. Diversification is achieved by an array of mechanisms at the genetic and enzymatic level including gene duplications, substrate promiscuity of enzymes, cell‐specific regulatory systems, together with modularity and combinatorial aspects. Specialized metabolites reflect adaptations to a specific environment. The observed diversity illustrates the heterogeneity and multitude of ecological habitats and niches that plants have colonized so far and constitutes a reservoir of potential new metabolites that may provide adaptive advantage in the face of environmental changes. The code that connects the observed chemical diversity to this ecological diversity is largely unknown. One way to apprehend this diversity is to realize its tremendous plasticity and evolutionary potential. This chapter presents an overview of the most widespread and popular secondary metabolites, which provide a definite advantage to adapt to or to colonize a particular environment, making the boundary between the “primary” and the “secondary” old fashioned and blurry.
Bücher und Buchkapitel
Hause, B.; Hause, G.;Microscope Techniques and Single Cell AnalysisKrauss, G.-J. & Nies, D. H., eds.366-382(2015)ISBN:9783527686063DOI: 10.1002/9783527686063.ch19
For centuries, progress in biological research has been connected to the development of tools and equipment that allow new insights into the living matter. The invention of and improvements in optical systems were very important because exceeding the limits of the optical resolution of the human eye delivered new insights into tissues, cells, and subcellular compartments on the one hand and cellular processes on the other. Even the very first light microscopes, developed at the beginning of the seventeenth century, enabled the discovery of “Cells as little boxes” by Robert Hooke, and of bacteria by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. Since then, many aspects of microscopes have been improved and new illumination, staining, and detection methods have been developed in order to increase the optical resolution. In this chapter, we describe the principles and possibilities of the use of microscopes in biology, as well as specific methods of preparing biological materials in order to obtain optimum microscopic images with an appropriate scientific message. Further, emphasis is given on staining techniques used for biological materials including transgenic approaches that use the wide variance of fluorescent proteins.