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Fungal elicitor stimulates a multicomponent defense response in cultured parsley cells (Petroselinum crispum). Early elements of this receptor-mediated response are ion fluxes across the plasma membrane and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), sequentially followed by defense gene activation and phytoalexin accumulation. Omission of Ca2+ from the culture medium or inhibition of elicitor-stimulated ion fluxes by ion channel blockers prevented the latter three reactions, all of which were triggered in the absence of elicitor by amphotericin B-induced ion fluxes. Inhibition of elicitor-stimulated ROS production using diphenylene iodonium blocked defense gene activation and phytoalexin accumulation. O2− but not H2O2 stimulated phytoalexin accumulation, without inducing proton fluxes. These results demonstrate a causal relationship between early and late reactions of parsley cells to the elicitor and indicate a sequence of signaling events from receptor-mediated activation of ion channels via ROS production and defense gene activation to phytoalexin synthesis. Within this sequence, O2− rather than H2O2 appears to trigger the subsequent reactions.
Publikation
An oligopeptide of 13 amino acids (Pep-13) identified within a 42 kDa glycoprotein elicitor from P. megasperma was shown to be necessary and sufficient to stimulate a complex defense response in parsley cells comprising H+/Ca2+ influxes, K+/Cl− effluxes, an oxidative burst, defense-related gene activation, and phytoalexin formation. Binding of radiolabeled Pep-13 to parsley microsomes and protoplasts was specific, reversible, and saturable. Identical structural features of Pep-13 were found to be responsible for specific binding and initiation of all plant responses analyzed. The high affinity binding site recognizing the peptide ligand (KD = 2.4 nM) may therefore represent a novel class of receptors in plants, and the rapidly induced ion fluxes may constitute elements of the signal transduction cascade triggering pathogen defense in plants.