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Fu, N.; Becker, T.; Brandt, W.; Kunert, M.; Burse, A.; Boland, W.;Involvement of
CYP347W1
in neurotoxin 3‐nitropropionic acid based chemical defense in mustard leaf beetle
Phaedon cochleariaeInsect Sci.29453–466(2022)DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12944
Chrysomelina beetles store 3-nitropropionic acid in form of a pre-toxin,
isoxazolin-5-one glucoside conjugated ester, to protect themselves
against predators. Here we identified a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP347W1, to be involved in the production of the 3-nitropropionic acid moiety of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester. Knocking down CYP347W1
led to a significant depletion in the concentration of the
isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester and an increase in the concentration of
the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside in the larval hemolymph. Enzyme assays
with the heterologously expressed CYP347W1 showed free β-alanine was not the direct substrate. Homology modeling indicated that β-alanine-CoA ester can fit into CYP347W1’s active site. Furthermore, we proved that Phaedon cochleariae eggs are not able to de novo
synthesize 3-NPA, although both isoxazolin-5-one glucoside and its
3-NPA conjugated ester are present in the eggs. These results provide
direct evidence for the involvement of CYP347W1 in the biosynthesis of a P. cochleariae chemical defense compound.
Publikation
El Amerany, F.; Rhazi, M.; Balcke, G.; Wahbi, S.; Meddich, A.; Taourirte, M.; Hause, B.;The effect of chitosan on plant physiology, wound response, and fruit quality of tomatoPolymers145006(2022)DOI: 10.3390/polym14225006
In agriculture, chitosan has become popular as a metabolic enhancer; however, no deep information has been obtained yet regarding its mechanisms on vegetative tissues. This work was conducted to test the impact of chitosan applied at different plant growth stages on plant development, physiology, and response to wounding as well as fruit shape and composition. Five concentrations of chitosan were tested on tomato. The most effective chitosan doses that increased leaf number, leaf area, plant biomass, and stomatal conductance were 0.75 and 1 mg mL−1. Chitosan (1 mg mL−1) applied as foliar spray increased the levels of jasmonoyl–isoleucine and abscisic acid in wounded roots. The application of this dose at vegetative and flowering stages increased chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values, whereas application at the fruit maturation stage reduced the Fv/Fm values. This decline was positively correlated with fruit shape and negatively correlated with the pH and the content of soluble sugars, lycopene, total flavonoids, and nitrogen in fruits. Moreover, the levels of primary metabolites derived from glycolysis, such as inositol phosphate, lactic acid, and ascorbic acid, increased in response to treatment of plants with 1 mg mL−1- chitosan. Thus, chitosan application affects various plant processes by influencing stomata aperture, cell division and expansion, fruit maturation, mineral assimilation, and defense responses.