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Plants exude a diverse cocktail of metabolites into the soil as response to exogenous and endogenous factors. So far, root exudates have mainly been studied under artificial conditions due to methodological difficulties. In this study, each five perennial grass and forb species were investigated for polar and semi-polar metabolites in exudates under field conditions. Metabolite collection and untargeted profiling approaches combined with a novel classification method allowed the designation of 182 metabolites. The composition of exuded polar metabolites depended mainly on the local environment, especially soil conditions, whereas the pattern of semi-polar metabolites was primarily affected by the species identity. The profiles of both polar and semi-polar metabolites differed between growth forms, with grass species being generally more similar to each other and more responsive to the abiotic environment than forb species. This study demonstrated the feasibility of investigating exudates under field conditions and to identify the driving factors of exudate composition.
Publikation
Asfaw, K. G.; Liu, Q.; Xu, X.; Manz, C.; Purper, S.; Eghbalian, R.; Münch, S. W.; Wehl, I.; Bräse, S.; Eiche, E.; Hause, B.; Bogeski, I.; Schepers, U.; Riemann, M.; Nick, P.;A mitochondria-targeted coenzyme Q peptoid induces superoxide dismutase and alleviates salinity stress in plant cellsSci. Rep.1011563(2020)DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68491-4
Salinity is a serious challenge to global agriculture and threatens human food security. Plant cells can respond to salt stress either by activation of adaptive responses, or by programmed cell death. The mechanisms deciding the respective response are far from understood, but seem to depend on the degree, to which mitochondria can maintain oxidative homeostasis. Using plant PeptoQ, a Trojan Peptoid, as vehicle, it is possible to transport a coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) derivative into plant mitochondria. We show that salinity stress in tobacco BY-2 cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow-2) can be mitigated by pretreatment with plant PeptoQ with respect to numerous aspects including proliferation, expansion, redox homeostasis, and programmed cell death. We tested the salinity response for transcripts from nine salt-stress related-genes representing different adaptive responses. While most did not show any significant response, the salt response of the transcription factor NtNAC, probably involved in mitochondrial retrograde signaling, was significantly modulated by the plant PeptoQ. Most strikingly, transcripts for the mitochondrial, Mn-dependent Superoxide Dismutase were rapidly and drastically upregulated in presence of the peptoid, and this response was disappearing in presence of salt. The same pattern, albeit at lower amplitude, was seen for the sodium exporter SOS1. The findings are discussed by a model, where plant PeptoQ modulates retrograde signalling to the nucleus leading to a strong expression of mitochondrial SOD, what renders mitochondria more resilient to perturbations of oxidative balance, such that cells escape salt induced cell death and remain viable.
Bücher und Buchkapitel
Restrepo, S.; Samper, C.; di Palma, F.; Hodson, E.; Torres, M.; Reol, E. M.; Eddi, M.; Wessjohann, L.; Jaramillo, G. P.; et al., .;Colombia hacia una sociedad
del conocimiento. Reflexiones
y propuestas1-450(2020)ISBN:978-958-5135-12-3