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Biochemistry of Plant Interactions
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Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is economically the most important foliar disease of potato. To assess the importance of the leaf surface, as the site of the first encounter of pathogen and host, we performed untargeted profiling by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry of leaf surface metabolites of the susceptible cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum and the resistant wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum. Hydroxycinnamic acid amides, typical phytoalexins of potato, were abundant on the surface of S. tuberosum, but not on S. bulbocastanum. One of the metabolites accumulating on the surface of the wild potato was identified as lysophosphatidylcholine carrying heptadecenoic acid, LPC17:1. In vitro assays revealed that both spore germination and mycelial growth of P. infestans were efficiently inhibited by LPC17:1, suggesting that leaf surface metabolites from wild potato species could contribute to early defense responses against P. infestans.
Publications
Seeds of domesticated Vicia (vetch) species (family Fabaceae-Faboideae) are produced and consumed worldwide for their nutritional value. Seed accessions belonging to 16 different species of Vicia—both domesticated and wild taxa—were subjected to a chemotaxonomic study using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analyzed by chemometrics. A total of 89 metabolites were observed in the examined Vicia accessions. Seventy-eight out of the 89 detected metabolites were annotated. Metabolites quantified belonged to several classes, viz., flavonoids, procyanidins, prodelphinidins, anthocyanins, stilbenes, dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids, coumarins, alkaloids, jasmonates, fatty acids, terpenoids, and cyanogenics, with flavonoids and fatty acids amounting to the major classes. Flavonoids, fatty acids, and anthocyanins showed up as potential chemotaxonomic markers in Vicia species discrimination. Fatty acids were more enriched in Vicia faba specimens, while the abundance of flavonoids was the highest in Vicia parviflora. Anthocyanins allowed for discrimination between Vicia hirsuta and Vicia sepium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on employing UPLC-MS metabolomics to discern the diversity of metabolites at the intrageneric level among Vicia species.