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Books and chapters

Baseggio Conrado, A.; Capuozzo, E.; Mosca, L.; Francioso, A.; Fontana, M.; Thiotaurine: From Chemical and Biological Properties to Role in H2S Signaling Hu, J., et al., eds. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1155 755-771 (2019) ISBN:978-981-13-8023-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_66
  • Abstract
  • BibText
  • RIS

In the last decade thiotaurine, 2-aminoethane thiosulfonate, has been investigated as an inflammatory modulating agent as a result of its ability to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S) known to play regulatory roles in inflammation. Thiotaurine can be included in the “taurine family” due to structural similarity to taurine and hypotaurine, and is characterized by the presence of a sulfane sulfur moiety. Thiotaurine can be produced by different pathways, such as the spontaneous transsulfuration between thiocysteine – a persulfide analogue of cysteine – and hypotaurine as well as in vivo from cystine. Moreover, the enzymatic oxidation of cysteamine to hypotaurine and thiotaurine in the presence of inorganic sulfur can occur in animal tissues and last but not least thiotaurine can be generated by the transfer of sulfur from mercaptopyruvate to hypotaurine catalyzed by a sulfurtransferase. Thiotaurine is an effective antioxidant agent as demonstrated by its ability to counteract the damage caused by pro-oxidants in the rat. Recently, we observed the influence of thiotaurine on human neutrophils functional responses. In particular, thiotaurine has been found to prevent human neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis suggesting an alternative or additional role to its antioxidant activity. It is likely that the sulfane sulfur of thiotaurine may modulate neutrophil activation via persulfidation of target proteins. In conclusion, thiotaurine can represent a biologically relevant sulfur donor acting as a biological intermediate in the transport, storage and release of sulfide.

Publications

Wasternack, C.; Hause, B.; Blütenduft, Abwehr, Entwicklung: Jasmonsäure - ein universelles Pflanzenhormon Biologie in unserer Zeit 44 164-171 (2014) DOI: 10.1002/biuz.201410535
  • Abstract
  • BibText
  • RIS

Pflanzen müssen gegen vielfältige biotische und abiotische Umwelteinflusse eine Abwehr aufbauen. Aber gleichzeitig müssen sie wachsen und sich vermehren. Jasmonate sind neben anderen Hormonen ein zentrales Signal bei der Etablierung von Abwehrmechanismen, aber auch Signal von Entwicklungsprozessen wie Blüten‐ und Trichombildung, sowie der Hemmung von Wachstum. Biosynthese und essentielle Komponenten der Signaltransduktion von JA und seinem biologisch aktiven Konjugat JA‐Ile sind gut untersucht. Der Rezeptor ist ein Proteinkomplex, der “JA‐Ile‐Wahrnehmung” mit proteasomalem Abbau von Repressorproteinen verbindet. Dadurch können positiv agierende Transkriptionsfaktoren wirksam werden und vielfältige Genexpressionsänderungen auslösen. Dies betrifft die Bildung von Abwehrproteinen, Enzymen der JA‐Biosynthese und Sekundärstoffbildung, und Proteinen von Signalketten und Entwicklungsprozessen. Die Kenntnisse zur JA‐Ile‐Wirkung werden in Landwirtschaft und Biotechnologie genutzt.

Books and chapters

Wessjohann, L. A.; Ostrowski, S.; Bakulev, V.; Berseneva, V.; Bogdanov, A. V.; Romanova, I. P.; Mironov, V. F.; Larionova, O. A.; Shaikhutdinova, G. R.; Sinyashin, O. G.; Baibulatova, N. Z.; Dokichev, V. A.; Fedorova, O. V.; Ovchinnikova, I. G.; Rusinov, G. L.; Titova, J. A.; Nasonova, A.; Kim, D.-J.; Kim, K.-S.; Jang, Y. M.; Kim, S. J.; Rakhimova, E. B.; Minnebaev, A. B.; Akhmetova, V. R.; Qin, C.; Zhang, R.; Wang, Q.; Ren, J.; Tian, L.; Mironov, M. A.; Demina, T. S.; Tcoy, A. M.; Akopova, T. A.; Markvicheva, E. A.; Chernyshenko, A. O.; Zelenetski, A. N.; Pandit, S. S.; Multi-Component Reactions in Supramolecular Chemistry and Material Science Mironov, M. A., ed. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 699 173-201 (2011) ISBN:978-1-4419-7270-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7270-5_6
  • Abstract
  • BibText
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Multi-component reactions of building blocks with more than one MCR-reactive group will give rise to oligomeric MCR products. The proper choice of at least two bifunctional building blocks will give either a polymeric or a cyclic product. Apart from polymerization, repetitive or consecutive Ugi reactions have been used to produce linear MCR-heterooligomers with such building blocks.

Publications

Walter, M. H.; Floß, D. S.; Strack, D.; Die facettenreiche Welt der Apocarotinoide. Farben, Düfte, Aromen und Hormone Biologie in unserer Zeit 39 336-344 (2009) DOI: 10.1002/biuz.200910402
  • Abstract
  • BibText
  • RIS

Apocarotinoide werden durch hochspezifische Spaltungsreaktionen oxidativer Enzyme an den Doppelbindungen von Carotinoiden maßgeschneidert. Es können neue Chromophore entstehen, die zusätzliche Nuancen des gelb‐roten Farbspektrums eröffnen. Farblose C13‐Apocarotinoide können potente Duft‐ und Aromastoffe sein. Viele Apocarotinoidfunktionen mit Hormoncharakter sind lange bekannt (Abszisinsäure in Pflanzen, Trisporsäure in Pilzen, Retinsäure in Säugern). Eine neue Klasse von Apocarotinoid‐Pflanzenhormonen, die die Sprossverzweigung der Pflanzen mitbestimmen, wurde kürzlich als Strigolactone identifiziert. In ihrer Biosynthese wie auch in der von mykorrhizainduzierten C13/C14‐Apocarotinoiden treten mehrstufige aufeinanderfolgende Carotinoidspaltungsreaktionen auf. Das Wissen über Synthesewege und Funktionen von Apocarotinoiden eröffnet neue Perspektiven für Anwendungen im Zierpflanzenbau, bei der Bekämpfung parasitischer Unkräuter und in der Beeinflussung von Blütendüften und Fruchtaromen.

Publications

Schaarschmidt, S.; Hause, B.; Strack, D.; Wege zur Endomykorrhiza. Einladung ans Buffet Biologie in unserer Zeit 39 102-113 (2009) DOI: 10.1002/biuz.200610385
  • Abstract
  • BibText
  • RIS

Die Lebensgemeinschaft mit Mykorrhizapilzen stellt Pflanzen mineralische Nährstoffe und Wasser zur Verfügung und gilt daher als evolutionäre Grundlage für die Entwicklung der Landpflanzen. Die heute weit verbreitete arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza (AM) ist insbesondere unter widrigen Bedingungen (Nährstoffmangel, Trocken‐, Salz‐ oder Schwermetallstress sowie Pathogenbefall) für die Pflanze von Nutzen. Der pilzliche AM‐Partner, der obligat auf die Interaktion angewiesen ist, wird im Gegenzug mit Kohlenhydraten versorgt. Der Artikel beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der Forschung bezüglich der Etablierung und Regulation der AM durch die Pflanze. Es werden die frühen Erkennungssignale und die nachfolgende Wegbereitung der Pflanze für den eindringenden Pilz, die Kohlenhydratversorgung des AM‐Pilzes, wie auch die Limitierung der pilzlichen Infektionen mittels Autoregulation und die Rolle der Phytohormone für eine funktionelle und ausgeglichene Symbiose behandelt.

Books and chapters

Frolov, A.; Singer, D.; Zauner, T.; Hoffmann, R.; Solid Phase Synthesis and Analysis of Amadori Peptides Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 611 423-424 (2009) ISBN:978-0-387-73657-0 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73657-0_182
  • BibText
  • RIS

0

Books and chapters

Mrestani-Klaus, C.; Brandt, W.; Faust, J.; Wrenger, S.; Reinhold, D.; Ansorge, S.; Neubert, K.; New Results on the Conformations of Potent DP IV (CD26) Inhibitors bearing the N-terminal MWP Structural Motif Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 524 65-68 (2004) DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47920-6_7
  • Abstract
  • BibText
  • RIS

Conformational analysis by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling revealed a left-handed PPII helix-like structure for Trp2-Tat(1–9) (cis and trans) and an even more flexible structure for TXA2-R(1–9).PPII helices form a well-defined structural class comparable with the other structures defined in proteins and are characterized by exposed, mobile structures with 4–8 residues, mostly found on the protein surface. Polyproline II helices are mainly identified by their torsion angles of φ∼−75° and Ψ∼145−. They do not form regular interchain hydrogen bonds, but are hydrogen bonded with water molecules. PPII helices have a strong preference for the amino acid proline, although it is not necessarily present. These features were also reported for the parent peptide Tat(1–9)4 as well as for the well known DP IV substrates neuropeptide Y and pancreatic polypeptide5 suggesting that PPII-like helical structures represent a favored structural class for the interaction with DP IV.Thus, the considerable enhancement of the inhibition capacity of both Trp2-Tat(1–9) and TXA2-R(1–9) compared to the moderate inhibitor Tat(1–9)2, Ki=2.68±0.01 10−4 M, can only be due to tryptophan in the second position suggesting that its side chain is favored to exhibit attractive hydrophobic interactions with DP IV compared with aspartic acid.On the other hand, we could show recently that Tat(1–9) and its analogues as well as TXA2-R(1–9) inhibit DP IV according to different inhibition mechanisms (Lorey et al., manuscript submitted). One possible explanation for these findings might be enzyme-ligand interactions relying on multiple weak binding sites as described for PPII helices5 rather than specific lock and key binding. Certainly, only an X-ray structure of DP IV would help to understand the interaction of DP IV with inhibitors.

Books and chapters

Kühn-Wache, K.; Hoffmann, T.; Manhart, S.; Brandt, W.; Demuth, H.-U.; The Specificity of DP IV for Natural Substrates is Peptide Structure Determined Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 524 57-63 (2004) DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47920-6_6
  • Abstract
  • BibText
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Our results indicate that the substrate properties of peptides are encoded by their own structure. That means, that substrate characteristics depend not only on the primary structure around the catalytic site rather C-terminal located secondary interactions strongly influence the binding and catalysis of the substrates. Such interaction sites seem to force the ligand in a proper orientation to the active site of DP IV. As result of these relations the hydrolysis of peptides with non-proline and non-alanine residues in P1-position (Ser, Val, Gly) becomes possible in longer peptides.Such specific secondary interactions opens the opportunity for development of new inhibitors.

Books and chapters

Wrenger, S.; Reinhold, D.; Faust, J.; Mrestani-Klaus, C.; Brandt, W.; Fengler, A.; Neubert, K.; Ansorge, S.; Effects of Nonapeptides Derived From the N-terminal Structure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Tat on Suppression of CD26-Dependent T Cell Growth Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 477 161-165 (2002) ISBN:978-0-306-46826-1 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46826-3_18
  • Abstract
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The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) transactivator Tat occurs extracellularly and exerts immunosuppressive effects. Interestingly, Tat inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) activity of the T cellactivation marker CD26. The short N-terminal nonapeptideTat(l-9), MDPVDPNIE, also inhibits DP IV activity and suppresses DNA synthesis of tetanus toxoid-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Here, we present the influence of amino acid exchanges in the first three positions of Tat(l-9). For instance, the replacement of D2 of Tat(l-9) by G or K generated peptides, which inhibit DP IV-catalyzed IL-2(1-12) cleavage nearly threefold stronger. Similar effects were observed on the suppression of DNA synthesis of Tetanus toxoid-stimulated PBMC. This correlation suggests that Tat(l-9)-deduced peptides mediate antiproliferative effects at least in part via specific DP IV interactions and supports the hypothesis that CD26 plays a key role in the regulation of lymphocyte growth.

Books and chapters

Riemann, D.; Röntsch, J.; Hause, B.; Langner, J.; Kehlen, A.; Cell-Cell Contact Between Lymphocytes and Fibroblast-Like Synovioctyes Induces Lymphocytic Expression of Aminopeptidase n/cd13 and Results in Lymphocytic Activation Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 477 57-66 (2002) ISBN:978-0-306-46826-1 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46826-3_6
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