zur Suche springenzur Navigation springenzum Inhalt springen

Sortieren nach: Erscheinungsjahr Typ der Publikation

Zeige Ergebnisse 91 bis 100 von 210.

Publikation

Leitner, M.; Kaiser, R.; Hause, B.; Boland, W.; Mithöfer, A.; Does mycorrhization influence herbivore-induced volatile emission in Medicago truncatula? Mycorrhiza 20, 89-101, (2010) DOI: 10.1007/s00572-009-0264-z

Symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi substantially impacts secondary metabolism and defensive traits of colonised plants. In the present study, we investigated the influence of mycorrhization (Glomus intraradices) on inducible indirect defences against herbivores using the model legume Medicago truncatula. Volatile emission by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants was measured in reaction to damage inflicted by Spodoptera spp. and compared to the basal levels of volatile emission by plants of two different cultivars. Emitted volatiles were recorded using closed-loop stripping and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The documented volatile patterns were evaluated using multidimensional scaling to visualise patterns and stepwise linear discriminant analysis to distinguish volatile blends of plants with distinct physiological status and genetic background. Volatile blends emitted by different cultivars of M. truncatula prove to be clearly distinct, whereas mycorrhization only slightly influenced herbivore-induced volatile emissions. Still, the observed differences were sufficient to create classification rules to distinguish mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants by the volatiles emitted. Moreover, the effect of mycorrhization turned out to be opposed in the two cultivars examined. Root symbionts thus seem to alter indirect inducible defences of M. truncatula against insect herbivores. The impact of this effect strongly depends on the genetic background of the plant and, hence, in part explains the highly contradictory results on tripartite interactions gathered to date.
Publikation

Klopotek, Y.; Haensch, K.-T.; Hause, B.; Hajirezaei, M.-R.; Druege, U.; Dark exposure of petunia cuttings strongly improves adventitious root formation and enhances carbohydrate availability during rooting in the light J. Plant Physiol. 167, 547-554, (2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.11.008

The effect of temporary dark exposure on adventitious root formation (ARF) in Petunia×hybrida ‘Mitchell’ cuttings was investigated. Histological and metabolic changes in the cuttings during the dark treatment and subsequent rooting in the light were recorded. Excised cuttings were exposed to the dark for seven days at 10°C followed by a nine-day rooting period in perlite or were rooted immediately for 16 days in a climate chamber at 22/20°C (day/night) and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 100 μmol m−2 s−1. Dark exposure prior to rooting increased, accelerated and synchronized ARF. The rooting period was reduced from 16 days (non-treated cuttings) to 9 days (treated cuttings). Under optimum conditions, despite the reduced rooting period, dark-exposed cuttings produced a higher number and length of roots than non-treated cuttings. An increase in temperature to 20 °C during the dark treatment or extending the cold dark exposure to 14 days caused a similar enhancement of root development compared to non-treated cuttings. Root meristem formation had already started during the dark treatment and was enhanced during the subsequent rooting period. Levels of soluble sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and starch in leaf and basal stem tissues significantly decreased during the seven days of dark exposure. This depletion was, however, compensated during rooting after 6 and 24h for soluble sugars in leaves and the basal stem, respectively, whereas the sucrose level in the basal stem was already increased at 6 h. The association of higher carbohydrate levels with improved rooting in previously dark-exposed versus non-treated cuttings indicates that increased post-darkness carbohydrate availability and allocation towards the stem base contribute to ARF under the influence of dark treatment and provide energy for cell growth subject to a rising sink intensity in the base of the cutting.
Publikation

Breuillin, F.; Schramm, J.; Hajirezaei, M.; Ahkami, A.; Favre, P.; Druege, U.; Hause, B.; Bucher, M.; Kretzschmar, T.; Bossolini, E.; Kuhlemeier, C.; Martinoia, E.; Franken, P.; Scholz, U.; Reinhardt, D.; Phosphate systemically inhibits development of arbuscular mycorrhiza in Petunia hybrida and represses genes involved in mycorrhizal functioning Plant J. 64, 1002-1017, (2010) DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04385.x

Most terrestrial plants form arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), mutualistic associations with soil fungi of the order Glomeromycota. The obligate biotrophic fungi trade mineral nutrients, mainly phosphate (Pi), for carbohydrates from the plants. Under conditions of high exogenous phosphate supply, when the plant can meet its own P requirements without the fungus, AM are suppressed, an effect which could be interpreted as an active strategy of the plant to limit carbohydrate consumption of the fungus by inhibiting its proliferation in the roots. However, the mechanisms involved in fungal inhibition are poorly understood. Here, we employ a transcriptomic approach to get insight into potential shifts in metabolic activity and symbiotic signalling, and in the defence status of plants exposed to high Pi levels. We show that in mycorrhizal roots of petunia, a similar set of symbiosis‐related genes is expressed as in mycorrhizal roots of Medicago, Lotus and rice. Pi acts systemically to repress symbiotic gene expression and AM colonization in the root. In established mycorrhizal roots, Pi repressed symbiotic gene expression rapidly, whereas the inhibition of colonization followed with a lag of more than a week. Taken together, these results suggest that Pi acts by repressing essential symbiotic genes, in particular genes encoding enzymes of carotenoid and strigolactone biosynthesis, and symbiosis‐associated phosphate transporters. The role of these effects in the suppression of symbiosis under high Pi conditions is discussed.
Publikation

Weichert, N.; Saalbach, I.; Weichert, H.; Kohl, S.; Erban, A.; Kopka, J.; Hause, B.; Varshney, A.; Sreenivasulu, N.; Strickert, M.; Kumlehn, J.; Weschke, W.; Weber, H.; Increasing Sucrose Uptake Capacity of Wheat Grains Stimulates Storage Protein Synthesis Plant Physiol. 152, 698-710, (2010) DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.150854

Increasing grain sink strength by improving assimilate uptake capacity could be a promising approach toward getting higher yield. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) sucrose transporter HvSUT1 (SUT) was expressed under control of the endosperm-specific Hordein B1 promoter (HO). Compared with the wild type, transgenic HOSUT grains take up more sucrose (Suc) in vitro, showing that the transgene is functional. Grain Suc levels are not altered, indicating that Suc fluxes are influenced rather than steady-state levels. HOSUT grains have increased percentages of total nitrogen and prolamins, which is reflected in increased levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, isoleucine, and leucine at late grain development. Transcript profiling indicates specific stimulation of prolamin gene expression at the onset of storage phase. Changes in gene expression and metabolite levels related to carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis suggest deregulated carbon-nitrogen balance, which together indicate carbon sufficiency and relative depletion of nitrogen. Genes, deregulated together with prolamin genes, might represent candidates, which respond positively to assimilate supply and are related to sugar-starch metabolism, cytokinin and brassinosteroid functions, cell proliferation, and sugar/abscisic acid signaling. Genes showing inverse expression patterns represent potential negative regulators. It is concluded that HvSUT1 overexpression increases grain protein content but also deregulates the metabolic status of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains, accompanied by up-regulated gene expression of positive and negative regulators related to sugar signaling and assimilate supply. In HOSUT grains, alternating stimulation of positive and negative regulators causes oscillatory patterns of gene expression and highlights the capacity and great flexibility to adjust wheat grain storage metabolism in response to metabolic alterations.
Publikation

Schaarschmidt, S.; Hause, B.; Strack, D.; Wege zur Endomykorrhiza. Einladung ans Buffet Biologie in unserer Zeit 39, 102-113, (2009) DOI: 10.1002/biuz.200610385

Die Lebensgemeinschaft mit Mykorrhizapilzen stellt Pflanzen mineralische Nährstoffe und Wasser zur Verfügung und gilt daher als evolutionäre Grundlage für die Entwicklung der Landpflanzen. Die heute weit verbreitete arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza (AM) ist insbesondere unter widrigen Bedingungen (Nährstoffmangel, Trocken‐, Salz‐ oder Schwermetallstress sowie Pathogenbefall) für die Pflanze von Nutzen. Der pilzliche AM‐Partner, der obligat auf die Interaktion angewiesen ist, wird im Gegenzug mit Kohlenhydraten versorgt. Der Artikel beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der Forschung bezüglich der Etablierung und Regulation der AM durch die Pflanze. Es werden die frühen Erkennungssignale und die nachfolgende Wegbereitung der Pflanze für den eindringenden Pilz, die Kohlenhydratversorgung des AM‐Pilzes, wie auch die Limitierung der pilzlichen Infektionen mittels Autoregulation und die Rolle der Phytohormone für eine funktionelle und ausgeglichene Symbiose behandelt.
Publikation

Mrosk, C.; Forner, S.; Hause, G.; Küster, H.; Kopka, J.; Hause, B.; Composite Medicago truncatula plants harbouring Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots reveal normal mycorrhization by Glomus intraradices J. Exp. Bot. 60, 3797-3807, (2009) DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp220

Composite plants consisting of a wild-type shoot and a transgenic root are frequently used for functional genomics in legume research. Although transformation of roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes leads to morphologically normal roots, the question arises as to whether such roots interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the same way as wild-type roots. To address this question, roots transformed with a vector containing the fluorescence marker DsRed were used to analyse AM in terms of mycorrhization rate, morphology of fungal and plant subcellular structures, as well as transcript and secondary metabolite accumulations. Mycorrhization rate, appearance, and developmental stages of arbuscules were identical in both types of roots. Using Mt16kOLI1Plus microarrays, transcript profiling of mycorrhizal roots showed that 222 and 73 genes exhibited at least a 2-fold induction and less than half of the expression, respectively, most of them described as AM regulated in the same direction in wild-type roots. To verify this, typical AM marker genes were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and revealed equal transcript accumulation in transgenic and wild-type roots. Regarding secondary metabolites, several isoflavonoids and apocarotenoids, all known to accumulate in mycorrhizal wild-type roots, have been found to be up-regulated in mycorrhizal in comparison with non-mycorrhizal transgenic roots. This set of data revealed a substantial similarity in mycorrhization of transgenic and wild-type roots of Medicago truncatula, validating the use of composite plants for studying AM-related effects.
Publikation

Hohnjec, N.; Lenz, F.; Fehlberg, V.; Vieweg, M. F.; Baier, M. C.; Hause, B.; Küster, H.; The Signal Peptide of the Medicago truncatula Modular Nodulin MtNOD25 Operates as an Address Label for the Specific Targeting of Proteins to Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosomes Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22, 63-72, (2009) DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0063

The nodule-specific MtNOD25 gene of the model legume Medicago truncatula encodes a modular nodulin composed of different repetitive modules flanked by distinct N- and C-termini. Although similarities are low with respect to all repetitive modules, both the N-terminal signal peptide (SP) and the C-terminus are highly conserved in modular nodulins from different legumes. On the cellular level, MtNOD25 is only transcribed in the infected cells of root nodules, and this activation is mediated by a 299-bp minimal promoter containing an organ-specific element. By expressing mGFP6 translational fusions in transgenic nodules, we show that MtNOD25 proteins are exclusively translocated to the symbiosomes of infected cells. This specific targeting only requires an N-terminal MtNOD25 SP that is highly conserved across a family of legume-specific symbiosome proteins. Our finding sheds light on one possible mechanism for the delivery of host proteins to the symbiosomes of infected root nodule cells and, in addition, defines a short molecular address label of only 24 amino acids whose N-terminal presence is sufficient to translocate proteins across the peribacteroid membrane.
Publikation

Hause, B.; Schaarschmidt, S.; The role of jasmonates in mutualistic symbioses between plants and soil-born microorganisms Phytochemistry 70, 1589-1599, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.003

Many plants are able to develop mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Whereas the former is widely distributed among most of the land plants, the latter is restricted to species of ten plant families, including the legumes. The establishment of both associations is based on mutual recognition and a high degree of coordination at the morphological and physiological level. This requires the activity of a number of signals, including jasmonates. Here, recent knowledge on the putative roles of jasmonates in both mutualistic symbioses will be reviewed. Firstly, the action of jasmonates will be discussed in terms of the initial signal exchange between symbionts and in the resulting plant signaling cascade common for nodulation and mycorrhization. Secondly, the putative role of jasmonates in the autoregulation of the endosymbioses will be outlined. Finally, aspects of function of jasmonates in the fully established symbioses will be presented. Various processes will be discussed that are possibly mediated by jasmonates, including the redox status of nodules and the carbohydrate partitioning of mycorrhizal roots.
Publikation

Grunwald, U.; Guo, W.; Fischer, K.; Isayenkov, S.; Ludwig-Müller, J.; Hause, B.; Yan, X.; Küster, H.; Franken, P.; Overlapping expression patterns and differential transcript levels of phosphate transporter genes in arbuscular mycorrhizal, Pi-fertilised and phytohormone-treated Medicago truncatula roots Planta 229, 1023-1034, (2009) DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0877-z

A microarray carrying 5,648 probes of Medicago truncatula root-expressed genes was screened in order to identify those that are specifically regulated by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Gigaspora rosea, by Pi fertilisation or by the phytohormones abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. Amongst the identified genes, 21% showed a common induction and 31% a common repression between roots fertilised with Pi or inoculated with the AM fungus G. rosea, while there was no obvious overlap in the expression patterns between mycorrhizal and phytohormone-treated roots. Expression patterns were further studied by comparing the results with published data obtained from roots colonised by the AM fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices, but only very few genes were identified as being commonly regulated by all three AM fungi. Analysis of Pi concentrations in plants colonised by either of the three AM fungi revealed that this could be due to the higher Pi levels in plants inoculated by G. rosea compared with the other two fungi, explaining that numerous genes are commonly regulated by the interaction with G. rosea and by phosphate. Differential gene expression in roots inoculated with the three AM fungi was further studied by expression analyses of six genes from the phosphate transporter gene family in M. truncatula. While MtPT4 was induced by all three fungi, the other five genes showed different degrees of repression mirroring the functional differences in phosphate nutrition by G. rosea, G. mosseae and G. intraradices.
  • Die Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
  • Digitalisierung in der Landwirtschaft
  • Martin-Luther Universität Halle
IPB Mainnav Search