@Article{IPB-333,
author = {Fu, N. and Becker, T. and Brandt, W. and Kunert, M. and Burse, A. and Boland, W.},
title = {{Involvement of
            CYP347W1
            in neurotoxin 3‐nitropropionic acid based chemical defense in mustard leaf beetle
            Phaedon cochleariae}},
year = {2022},
pages = {453–466},
journal = {Insect Sci.},
doi = {10.1111/1744-7917.12944},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12944},
volume = {29},
abstract = {Chrysomelina beetles store 3-nitropropionic acid in form of a pre-toxin,
 isoxazolin-5-one glucoside conjugated ester, to protect themselves 
against predators. Here we identified a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP347W1, to be involved in the production of the 3-nitropropionic acid moiety of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester. Knocking down CYP347W1
 led to a significant depletion in the concentration of the 
isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester and an increase in the concentration of
 the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside in the larval hemolymph. Enzyme assays 
with the heterologously expressed CYP347W1 showed free β-alanine was not the direct substrate. Homology modeling indicated that β-alanine-CoA ester can fit into CYP347W1’s active site. Furthermore, we proved that Phaedon cochleariae eggs are not able to de novo
 synthesize 3-NPA, although both isoxazolin-5-one glucoside and its 
3-NPA conjugated ester are present in the eggs. These results provide 
direct evidence for the involvement of CYP347W1 in the biosynthesis of a P. cochleariae chemical defense compound.}    
}