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Publikation

Bulatović, M. Z.; Maksimović-Ivanić, D.; Bensing, C.; Gómez-Ruiz, S.; Steinborn, D.; Schmidt, H.; Mojić, M.; Korać, A.; Golić, I.; Pérez-Quintanilla, D.; Momčilović, M.; Mijatović, S.; Kaluđerović, G. N.; Organozinn(IV)-beladenes mesoporöses SiO2 als biokompatible Strategie bei der Krebstherapie Angew. Chem. 126, 6092-6097, (2014) DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400763

Das große therapeutische Potenzial eines Organozinn(IV)‐beladenen nanostrukturierten SiO2 (SBA‐15pSn) wird am Beispiel der Rückbildung eines durch B16‐Zellen induzierten Melanoms bei syngenen C57BL/6‐Mäusen demonstriert. Neben Apoptose als grundlegendem Mechanismus der Antitumorwirkung einer Vielzahl von Chemotherapeutika ist der entscheidende Vorteil dieses mesoporösen zinnhaltigen Materials das Auslösen der Zelldifferenzierung – ein Effekt, der weder für metallbasierte Zytostatika noch für mesoporöse Materialien alleine bisher beobachtet wurde. Dieser nichtaggressive Wirkungsmechanismus ist hochwirksam gegen Tumorzellen aber im gewählten Konzentrationsbereich nichttoxisch für normales Gewebe. JNK‐unabhängige Apoptose (JNK: Jun amino‐terminal kinase), begleitet von der Bildung des melanozytenartigen nichtproliferativen Phänotyps der überlebenden Zellen demonstriert das außergewöhnliche Potenzial von SBA‐15pSn zur Unterdrückung von Tumorwachstum ohne eine unerwünschte kompensatorische Proliferation der erkrankten Zellen als Antwort auf den Zelltod in ihrer Nachbarschaft.
Publikation

Bulatović, M. Z.; Maksimović-Ivanić, D.; Bensing, C.; Gómez-Ruiz, S.; Steinborn, D.; Schmidt, H.; Mojić, M.; Korać, A.; Golić, I.; Pérez-Quintanilla, D.; Momčilović, M.; Mijatović, S.; Kaluđerović, G. N.; Organotin(IV)-Loaded Mesoporous Silica as a Biocompatible Strategy in Cancer Treatment Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 5982-5987, (2014) DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400763

The strong therapeutic potential of an organotin(IV) compound loaded in nanostructured silica (SBA‐15pSn) is demonstrated: B16 melanoma tumor growth in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice is almost completely abolished. In contrast to apoptosis as the basic mechanism of the anticancer action of numerous chemotherapeutics, the important advantage of this SBA‐15pSn mesoporous material is the induction of cell differentiation, an effect unknown for metal‐based drugs and nanomaterials alone. This non‐aggressive mode of drug action is highly efficient against cancer cells but is in the concentration range used nontoxic for normal tissue. JNK (Jun‐amino‐terminal kinase)‐independent apoptosis accompanied by the development of the melanocyte‐like nonproliferative phenotype of survived cells indicates the extraordinary potential of SBA‐15pSn to suppress tumor growth without undesirable compensatory proliferation of malignant cells in response to neighboring cell death.
Publikation

Bobach, C.; Schurwanz, J.; Franke, K.; Denkert, A.; Sung, T. V.; Kuster, R.; Mutiso, P. C.; Seliger, B.; Wessjohann, L. A.; Multiple readout assay for hormonal (androgenic and antiandrogenic) and cytotoxic activity of plant and fungal extracts based on differential prostate cancer cell line behavior J. Ethnopharmacol. 155, 721-730, (2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.008

Ethnopharmacological relevanceProstate cancer is one of the most diagnosed forms of cancer among men in western regions. Many traditional applications or phytotherapeutic concepts propose to inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. In order to detect influences of plant or fungal extracts and derived fractions on androgen receptor signaling pathways, a differentiating cell proliferation assay was established, which enables the simultaneous detection of hormonal and cytotoxic effects.Material and methodsThe well characterized prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC-3 were used in a multiple readout assay. In all, 186 fractions of 23 traditionally used organisms were screened regarding their effects on proliferation of the two prostate cancer cell lines. The fractions were prepared by accelerated solvent extraction followed by gradient extrography. Extracts of the potential hormonally active plants Cibotium barometz, Heteropterys chrysophylla, and Sideroxylon obtusifolium (= Bumelia sartorum) were phytochemically investigated.ResultsFractions from Cibotium barometz, Cortinarius rubellus, Cyrtomium falcatum, Heteropterys chrysophylla, Nephrolepis exaltata, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Trichilia emetica, and Trimeria grandifolia exhibited hormonal influences on prostate cancer cells. Cytotoxic activity towards human cell lines was detected for the first time for fractions from Aglaia spectabilis (A. gigantea), Nephrolepis exaltata and Cortinarius brunneus.ConclusionsThe differential behavior of the two prostate cancer cell lines allows the discrimination between potential androgenic or antiandrogenic activities and effects on the estrogen or glucocorticoid receptor as well as cytotoxic activities. The combined cell lines assay can help to assess the biological activities of material used in traditional medicine.
Publikation

Barroso, S.; Coelho, A. M.; Gómez-Ruiz, S.; Calhorda, M. J.; Žižak, ?.; Kaluđerović, G. N.; Martins, A. M.; Synthesis, cytotoxic and hydrolytic studies of titanium complexes anchored by a tripodal diamine bis(phenolate) ligand Dalton Trans. 43, 17422-17433, (2014) DOI: 10.1039/C4DT00975D

The reactivity, cytotoxic studies and hydrolytic behaviour of diamine bis(phenolate) titanium complexes are reported. The reactions of [Ti(tBu2O2NN′)Cl]2(μ-O) (1) with LiOiPr or HOiPr in the presence of NEt3, aiming at the synthesis of the alkoxido derivative of 1 led to no reaction or to the synthesis of the monomeric complex [Ti(tBu2O2NN′)(OiPr)2] (3), respectively. A small amount of the alkoxidotitanium dimer [Ti(tBu2O2NN′)(OiPr)]2(μ-O) (2) crystallized out of a solution of 3 and DFT calculations showed that the transformation of 1 into 3 is a thermodynamically favorable process in the presence of a base (NEt3) (ΔG = −14.7 kcal mol−1). 2 was quantitatively obtained through the direct reaction of the ligand precursor H2(tBu2O2NN′) with titanium tetra(isopropoxido). Further reaction of 2 with an excess of TMSCl was revealed to be the most suitable method for the preparation of [Ti(tBu2O2NN′)Cl2] (4). 1 and 3 disclosed cytotoxic activity towards HeLa, Fem-x, MDA-MB-361 and K562 cells and 1 exhibited moderate binding affinity to FS-DNA. 1H NMR hydrolysis studies attested the fast decomposition of 4 in the presence of D2O. The hydrolysis of 3 is slower and proceeds through the formation of [Ti(tBu2O2NN′)(OH)]2(μ-O) (5) that was crystallographically characterized. Upon D2O addition 1 immediately forms complex new species, stable in solution for long periods (weeks).
Publikation

Ali, N. A. A.; Wurster, M.; Denkert, A.; Al-Sokari, S. S.; Lindequist, U.; Wessjohann, L.; Cytotoxic and antiphytofungal activity of the essential oils from two artemisia species World J. Pharm. Res. 3, 1350-1354, (2014)

Hydrodistilled essential oils from aerial parts of Artemisia abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex A. Rich, and Artemisia arborescens L. growing in Yemen were screened for their cytotoxic and antiphytofungal properties as well as their chemical compositions. Twenty-seven components were identified in the essential oils and the main components of these species were found to be davanone (42.34%), camphor (22.88%), nerolidol (8.96%), and chamazulene (4.46%), from A. abyssinica oil and artemisia ketone (51.05%), camphor (14.09%), α-bisabolol (12.56%) and α-phellandrene (8.69%) from A. arborescens. At concentration of 50 and 25 μg/mL, A. arborescens oil showed a strong cytotoxic activity with growth inhibition of 95%(±1.6) and 74%(±3.8) (IC50 of 16.91 μg/mL) against HT29 tumor cells (Human colonic adenocarcinoma cells), while A. abyssinica oil exhibited at concentration of 100 and 50 μg/mL growth inhibition of 71.0% (±12.5) and 27.3%(±14.4) (IC50 of 75.42 μg/mL) respectively. Bioautographic assay was used to evaluate the antiphytofungal activity of the oils against Cladosporium cucumerinum.
Publikation

Pantelić, N.; Zmejkovski, B. B.; Stanojković, T. P.; Jeftić, V. V.; Radić, G. P.; Trifunović, S. R.; Kaluđerović, G. N.; Sabo, T. J.; Synthesis and high in vitro cytotoxicity of some (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N’-di-2-propanoate dihydrochloride esters J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 79, 649-658, (2014) DOI: 10.2298/JSC130512022P

A novel (S,S)-R2eddip ester, O,O′-diisopentyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N′-di-2-propanoate dihydrochloride (1) was synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In vitro antitumor action of 1, and two more R2eddip esters, dialkyl (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N′-di-2-propanoate dihydrochlorides, obtained before (alkyl = n-Bu or n-Pe, 2 and 3, respectively), was determined against cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human melanoma (Fem-x), human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells, and a non-cancerous cell line human embryonic lung fibroblast (MRC-5), using the microculture tetrazolium test MTT assay. Esters 1–3 showed higher cytotoxicity and better selectivity in comparison to cisplatin, used as reference compound. The highest activity was expressed by 1, with IC50(Fem-x) value of 1.51±0.09 μM.
Publikation

Pahnke, J.; Fröhlich, C.; Paarmann, K.; Krohn, M.; Bogdanovic, N.; Årsland, D.; Winblad, B.; Cerebral ABC Transporter-common Mechanisms May Modulate Neurodegenerative Diseases and Depression in Elderly Subjects Arch. Med. Res. 45, 738-743, (2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.10.010

In elderly subjects, depression and dementia often coincide but the actual reason is currently unknown. Does a causal link exist or is it just a reactive effect of the knowledge to suffer from dementia? The ABC transporter superfamily may represent a causal link between these mental disorders. Since the transporters ABCB1 and ABCC1 have been discovered as major β-amyloid-exporting molecules at the blood–brain barrier and ABCC1 was found to be directly activated by St. John's wort (SJW), depression and dementia certainly share an important pathophysiologic link. It was recognized that herbal anti-depressant formulations made from SJW are at least as effective for the treatment of unipolar depression in old age as classical pharmacotherapy, while having fewer side effects (Cochrane reports, 2008). SJW is known to activate various metabolizing and transport systems in the body, with cytochrome P450 enzymes and ABC transporters being most important.Does the treatment of depression in elderly subjects using pharmacological compounds or phytomedical extracts target a mechanism that also accounts for peptide storage in Alzheimer's disease and perhaps other proteopathies of the brain?In this review we summarize recent data that point to a common mechanism and present the first promising causal treatment results of demented elderly subjects with distinct SJW extracts. Insufficient trans-barrier clearance may indeed present a common problem in all the proteopathies of the brain where toxic peptides are deposited in a location-specific manner. Thus, activation of efflux molecules holds promise for future treatment of this large group of devastating disorders.
Publikation

Gómez-Ruiz, S.; Žižak, ?.; Kaluđerović, G. N.; Structural studies and cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines of mono and dinuclear tin(IV) complexes with the α,α′-dimercapto-o-xylene ligand Inorg. Chim. Acta 423, 117-122, (2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.04.023

The reaction of α,α′-dimercapto-o-xylene (H2dmox) with SnPh2Cl2 (1:1) and SnPh3Cl (1:2) in the presence of two equivalents of NEt3 led to the formation of the complexes [SnPh2(dmox)] (1) and [SnPh3(μ-dmox)]2 (2), respectively. Both complexes have been characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. In addition, the molecular structure of complex 2 has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The cytotoxic activity of 1 and 2 was tested against the tumor cell lines human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa, breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453, colon carcinoma LS174 and human myelogenous leukemia K562. In addition, the toxicity of both complexes to non-stimulated and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been tested. The in vitro cytotoxicity tests show very high antiproliferative activity of both complexes, being much higher that of 2. In addition, this compound shows a higher cytotoxic activity towards cancer cell lines than to non-stimulated and stimulated PBMC, indicating a slight selectivity to cancer cell lines.
Publikation

Zmejkovski, B. B.; Savić, A.; Poljarević, J.; Pantelić, N.; Aranđelović, S.; Radulović, S.; Grgurić-Šipka, S.; Kaluđerović, G. N.; Sabo, T. J.; Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of new palladium(II) complexes with (S,S)-R2edda-type esters Polyhedron 80, 106-111, (2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.02.026

Six palladium(II) complexes with (S,S)-R2edda-type esters ((S,S)-R2edda-type: (S,S)-eddch = (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate, R = Me, Et, n-Pr, 1–3; (S,S)-pddch = (S,S)-propylenediamine-N,N′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate, R = Et, n-Pr, 4, 5; and (S,S)-eddip = (S,S)-ethylenediamne-N,N′-di-2-propanoate, R = i-Am, 6) were synthesized, characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. DFT calculations indicate that in case of 1–4, the most stable isomers are with (S,S)- and (R,S)-configuration of nitrogen atoms, but for complex 6 (R,R)- and (R,S)-N,N′-configured isomers. Furthermore, complex 5 was obtained as (S,S)-N,N′ configured isomer. Cytotoxicity study was performed against human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human alveolar basal adenocarcinoma (A549) and non-cancerous human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell lines using colorimetric MTT assay. From the investigated palladium(II) complexes 2, 3 and 5 exhibited highest cytotoxic potential against HeLa (IC50: 28.5 ± 3.9, 29.5 ± 1.3 and 34.3 ± 3.2, respectively).
Publikation

Ramos Leal, I. C.; Netto dos Santos, K. R.; Itabaiana Júnior, I.; Ceva Antunes, O. A.; Porzel, A.; Wessjohann, L.; Machado Kuster, R.; Ceanothane and Lupane Type Triterpenes from Zizyphus joazeiro – An Anti-Staphylococcal Evaluation Planta Med. 76, 47-52, (2010) DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185947

The present paper describes the phytochemical and anti-staphylococcal activity investigation of the dichloromethane extract of the Brazilian plant Zizyphus joazeiro Mart. The purification steps were guided by bioassays against 17 bacterial strains of clinical sources, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and ‐sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus as well as MRSA (ATCC 33591) and MSSA (ATCC 29213) reference strains. One of the more active fractions is comprised of three lupane-type triterpenes, the methylbetulinate (1) as well as the known betulinic (2) and alphitolic (3) acids and, for the first time in the Z. joazeiro, two ceanothane type triterpenes, the methylceanothate (4) and the epigouanic acid A (5). These substances were assayed against one clinical (PVL+) and the reference strains of S. aureus as well as the ATTC 12228 strain of S. epidermidis, in concentrations that varied from 128 to 0.125 µg/mL in order to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drugs. The minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) was also evaluated to distinguish the bactericidal from bacteriostatic activity of the crude fractions and single compounds. Compounds 3 and 4 possess the highest antibacterial activity. They inhibit all bacteria tested at 32 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL, respectively, while the other compounds showed no activity at 128 µg/mL. In contrast to single compounds, the triterpenoid fraction showed bactericidal activity at 256 µg/mL. Structural elucidations are based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as HR‐FT‐ICR‐MS experiments.

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