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Publikation

Rashan, L. J.; Franke, K.; Khine, M. M.; Kelter, G.; Fiebig, H. H.; Neumann, J.; Wessjohann, L. A.; Characterization of the anticancer properties of monoglycosidic cardenolides isolated from Nerium oleander and Streptocaulon tomentosum J. Ethnopharmacol. 134, 781-788, (2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.038

Aim of the studyFor identification of the active constituents we investigated the anticancer activity of cardenolides from Streptocaulon tomentosum Wight & Arn. (Asclepiadaceae) and from Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae) which are both used against cancer in the traditional medicine in their region of origin.Material, methods and resultsThe antiproliferative activity of cardenolides isolated from roots of Streptocaulon tomentosum (IC50 < 1–15.3 μM after 2 days in MCF7) and of cardenolide containing fractions from the cold aqueous extract of Nerium oleander leaves (“Breastin”, mean IC50 0.85 μg/ml in a panel of 36 human tumor cell lines), their influence on the cellular viability and on the cell cycle (block at the G2/M-phase or at the S-phase in tumor cells, respectively) were determined using different cell lines. The murine cell line L929 and normal non-tumor cells were not affected. Bioactivity guided fractionation of Breastin resulted in the isolation of the monoglycosidic cardenolides oleandrine, oleandrigeninsarmentoside, neritaloside, odoroside H, and odoroside A (IC50-values between 0.010 and 0.071 μg/ml).ConclusionsThe observed anticancer activities of extracts and isolated cardenolides are in agreement with the ethnomedicinal use of Streptocaulon tomentosum and Nerium oleander. The most active anticancer compounds from both species are monoglycosidic cardenolides possessing the 3β,14β-dihydroxy-5β-card-20(22)-enolide structure with or without an acetoxy group at C-16. The results indicate that the cytotoxic effects are induced by the inhibition of the plasma membrane bound Na+/K+-ATPase.
Publikation

Häke, I.; Schönenberger, S.; Neumann, J.; Franke, K.; Paulsen-Merker, K.; Reymann, K.; Ismail, G.; bin Din, L.; Said, I. M.; Latiff, A.; Wessjohann, L.; Zipp, F.; Ullrich, O.; Neuroprotection and enhanced neurogenesis by extract from the tropical plant Knema laurina after inflammatory damage in living brain tissue J. Neuroimmunol. 206, 91-99, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.10.007

Inflammatory reactions in the CNS, resulting from a loss of control and involving a network of non-neuronal and neuronal cells, are major contributors to the onset and progress of several major neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic strategies should therefore keep or restore the well-controlled and finely-tuned balance of immune reactions, and protect neurons from inflammatory damage. In our study, we selected plants of the Malaysian rain forest by an ethnobotanic survey, and investigated them in cell-based-assay-systems and in living brain tissue cultures in order to identify anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. We found that alcoholic extracts from the tropical plant Knema laurina (Black wild nutmeg) exhibited highly anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in cell culture experiments, reduced NO- and IL-6-release from activated microglia cells dose-dependently, and protected living brain tissue from microglia-mediated inflammatory damage at a concentration of 30 µg/ml. On the intracellular level, the extract inhibited ERK-1/2-phosphorylation, IkB-phosphorylation and subsequently NF-kB-translocation in microglia cells. K. laurina belongs to the family of Myristicaceae, which have been used for centuries for treatment of digestive and inflammatory diseases and is also a major food plant of the Giant Hornbill. Moreover, extract from K. laurina promotes also neurogenesis in living brain tissue after oxygen–glucose deprivation. In conclusion, extract from K. laurina not only controls and limits inflammatory reaction after primary neuronal damage, it promotes moreover neurogenesis if given hours until days after stroke-like injury.

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