Publikation
Ronzan, M.; Piacentini, D.; Fattorini, L.; Federica, D. R.; Caboni, E.; Eiche, E.; Ziegler, J.; Hause, B.; Riemann, M.; Betti, C.; Altamura, M. M.; Falasca, G. Auxin-jasmonate crosstalk in Oryza sativa L. root system formation after cadmium and/or arsenic exposure Environ Exp Bot 165, 59-69, (2019) DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.05.013
Soil pollutants may affect root growth through
interactions among phytohormones like auxin and jasmonates. Rice is
frequently grown in paddy fields contaminated by cadmium and arsenic,
but the effects of these pollutants on jasmonates/auxin crosstalk during
adventitious and lateral roots formation are widely unknown. Therefore,
seedlings of Oryza sativa cv. Nihonmasari and of the
jasmonate-biosynthetic mutant coleoptile photomorphogenesis2 were
exposed to cadmium and/or arsenic, and/or jasmonic acid methyl ester,
and then analysed through morphological, histochemical, biochemical and
molecular approaches.In both genotypes, arsenic and cadmium
accumulated in roots more than shoots. In the roots, arsenic levels were
more than twice higher than cadmium levels, either when arsenic was
applied alone, or combined with cadmium. Pollutants reduced lateral root
density in the wild -type in every treatment condition, but jasmonic
acid methyl ester increased it when combined with each pollutant.
Interestingly, exposure to cadmium and/or arsenic did not change lateral
root density in the mutant. The transcript levels of OsASA2 and
OsYUCCA2, auxin biosynthetic genes, increased in the wild-type and
mutant roots when pollutants and jasmonic acid methyl ester were applied
alone. Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) levels transiently increased in the
roots with cadmium and/or arsenic in the wild-type more than in the
mutant. Arsenic and cadmium, when applied alone, induced fluctuations in
bioactive jasmonate contents in wild-type roots, but not in the mutant.
Auxin distribution was evaluated in roots of OsDR5::GUS seedlings
exposed or not to jasmonic acid methyl ester added or not with cadmium
and/or arsenic. The DR5::GUS signal in lateral roots was reduced by
arsenic, cadmium, and jasmonic acid methyl ester. Lipid peroxidation,
evaluated as malondialdehyde levels, was higher in the mutant than in
the wild-type, and increased particularly in As presence, in both
genotypes.Altogether, the results show that an auxin/jasmonate
interaction affects rice root system development in the presence of
cadmium and/or arsenic, even if exogenous jasmonic acid methyl ester
only slightly mitigates pollutants toxicity.
Bücher und Buchkapitel
Möller, B.; Bürstenbinder, K. Semi-Automatic Cell Segmentation from Noisy Image Data for Quantification of Microtubule Organization on Single Cell Level 199-203, (2019) ISBN: 978-1-5386-3640-4 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2019.8759145
The structure of the microtubule cytoskeleton
provides valuable information related to morphogenesis of cells. The
cytoskeleton organizes into diverse patterns that vary in cells of
different types and tissues, but also within a single tissue. To assess
differences in cytoskeleton organization methods are needed that
quantify cytoskeleton patterns within a complete cell and which are
suitable for large data sets. A major bottleneck in most approaches,
however, is a lack of techniques for automatic extraction of cell
contours. Here, we present a semi-automatic pipeline for cell
segmentation and quantification of microtubule organization. Automatic
methods are applied to extract major parts of the contours and a handy
image editor is provided to manually add missing information
efficiently. Experimental results prove that our approach yields
high-quality contour data with minimal user intervention and serves a
suitable basis for subsequent quantitative studies.
Bücher und Buchkapitel
Flores, R.; Gago-Zachert, S.; De la Peña, M.; Navarro, B. Chrysanthemum Chlorotic Mottle Viroid (Ed. A. Hadidi, et al.). 331-338, (2017) ISBN: eBook ISBN: 9780128017029; Hardcover ISBN: 9780128014981. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801498-1.00031-0
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Bücher und Buchkapitel
Jasmonic acid and other fatty-acid-derived compounds called oxylipins are signals in stress responses and development of plants. The receptor complex, signal transduction components as well as repressors and activators in jasmonate-induced gene expression have been elucidated. Different regulatory levels and cross-talk with other hormones are responsible for the multiplicity of plant responses to environmental and developmental cues.
Bücher und Buchkapitel
Tissier, A.; Ziegler, J.; Vogt, T. Specialized Plant Metabolites: Diversity and Biosynthesis (Krauss, G.-J. & Nies, D. H., eds.). 14-37, (2015) ISBN: 978-3-527-31650-2 DOI: 10.1002/9783527686063.ch2
Plant secondary metabolites, also termed
specialized plant metabolites, currently comprise more than 200 000
natural products that are all based on a few biosynthetic pathways and
key primary metabolites. Some pathways like flavonoid and terpenoid
biosynthesis are universally distributed in the plant kingdom, whereas
others like alkaloid or cyanogenic glycoside biosynthesis are restricted
to a limited set of taxa. Diversification is achieved by an array of
mechanisms at the genetic and enzymatic level including gene
duplications, substrate promiscuity of enzymes, cell‐specific regulatory
systems, together with modularity and combinatorial aspects.
Specialized metabolites reflect adaptations to a specific environment.
The observed diversity illustrates the heterogeneity and multitude of
ecological habitats and niches that plants have colonized so far and
constitutes a reservoir of potential new metabolites that may provide
adaptive advantage in the face of environmental changes. The code that
connects the observed chemical diversity to this ecological diversity is
largely unknown. One way to apprehend this diversity is to realize its
tremendous plasticity and evolutionary potential. This chapter presents
an overview of the most widespread and popular secondary metabolites,
which provide a definite advantage to adapt to or to colonize a
particular environment, making the boundary between the “primary” and
the “secondary” old fashioned and blurry.
Publikation
Ryan,P. T.; Ó’Maoiléidigh, D. S.; Drost, H.-G.; Kwaśniewska, D.; Gabel, A.; Grosse, I.; Graciet, E.; Quint, M.; Wellmer, F. Patterns of gene expression during Arabidopsis flower development from the time of initiation to maturation BMC Genomics 16, 488 , (2015) DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1699-6
Background:The formation of flowers is one of the main model systems to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that control developmental processes in plants. Although several studies have explored gene expression during flower development in the model plant Arabidopsis thalianaon a genome-wide scale, a continuous series of expression data from the earliest floral stages until maturation has been lacking. Here, we used a floral induction system to closethis information gap and to generate a reference dataset for stage-specific gene expression during flower formation.Results:Using a floral induction system, we collected floral buds at 14 different stages from the time of initiation until maturation. Using whole-genome microarray analysis, we identified 7,405 genes that exhibit rapid expression changes during flower development. These genes comprise many known floral regulators and we found that the expression profiles for these regulators match their known expression patterns, thus validating the dataset. We analyzed groups ofco-expressed genes for over-represented cellular and developmental functions through Gene Ontology analysis and found that they could be assigned specific patterns of activities, which are in agreement with the progression of flower development. Furthermore, by mapping binding sites of floral organ identity factors onto our dataset, we were able to identify gene groups that are likely predominantly under control of these transcriptional regulators. We furtherfound that the distribution of paralogs among groups of co-expressed genes varies considerably, with genes expressed predominantly at early and intermediate stages of flower development showing the highest proportion of such genes.Conclusions:Our results highlight and describe the dynamic expression changes undergone by a large numberof genes during flower development. They further provide a comprehensive reference dataset for temporal gene expression during flower formation and we demonstrate that it can be used to integrate data from other genomics approaches such as genome-wide localization studies of transcription factor binding sites.
Bücher und Buchkapitel
Wasternack, C. Jasmonates in plant growth and stress responses. (Tran, L.-S.; Pal, S.). Springer, 221-264, (2014) ISBN: 978-1-4939-0490-7 (hardcover) 978-1-4939-4814-7 (softcover) DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0491-4_8
Abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect plant growth and productivity. The phytohormones regulate key physiological events under normal and stressful conditions for plant development. Accumulative research efforts have discovered important roles of phytohormones and their interactions in regulation of plant adaptation to numerous stressors. Intensive molecular studies have elucidated various plant hormonal pathways; each of which consist of many signaling components that link a specific hormone perception to the regulation of downstream genes. Signal transduction pathways of auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellins and ethylene have been thoroughly investigated. More recently, emerging signaling pathways of brassinosteroids, jasmonates, salicylic acid and strigolactones offer an exciting gateway for understanding their multiple roles in plant physiological processes.At the molecular level, phytohormonal crosstalks can be antagonistic or synergistic or additive in actions. Additionally, the signal transduction component(s) of one hormonal pathway may interplay with the signaling component(s) of other hormonal pathway(s). Together these and other research findings have revolutionized the concept of phytohormonal studies in plants. Importantly, genetic engineering now enables plant biologists to manipulate the signaling pathways of plant hormones for development of crop varieties with improved yield and stress tolerance.This book, written by internationally recognized scholars from various countries, represents the state-of-the-art understanding of plant hormones’ biology, signal transduction and implications. Aimed at a wide range of readers, including researchers, students, teachers and many others who have interests in this flourishing research field, every section is concluded with biotechnological strategies to modulate hormone contents or signal transduction pathways and crosstalk that enable us to develop crops in a sustainable manner. Given the important physiological implications of plant hormones in stressful environments, our book is finalized with chapters on phytohormonal crosstalks under abiotic and biotic stresses.
Bücher und Buchkapitel
Vaira, A. M.; Gago-Zachert, S.; Garcia, M. L.; Guerri, J.; Hammond, J.; Milne, R. G.; Moreno, P.; Morikawa, T.; Natsuaki, T.; Navarro, J. A.; Pallas, V.; Torok, V.; Verbeek, M.; Vetten, H. J. Family - Ophioviridae (King, A. M. Q., et al., eds.). 743-748, (2012) ISBN: 978-0-12-384684-6 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-384684-6.00060-4
This chapter focuses on Ophioviridae family whose
sole member genus is Ophiovirus. The member species of the genus include
Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), Freesia sneak virus(FreSV), Lettuce ring
necrosis virus (LRNV), and Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MiLBVV).The
single stranded negative/possibly ambisense RNA genome is divided into
3–4 segments, each of which is encapsidated in a single coat protein
(43–50 kDa) forming filamentous virions of about 3 nm in diameter, in
shape of kinked or probably internally coiled circles of at least two
different contour lengths. Ophioviruses can be mechanically transmitted
to a limited range of test plants, inducing local lesions and systemic
mottle. The natural hosts of CPsV, ranunculus white mottle virus (RWMV),
MiLBVV, and LRNV are dicotyledonous plants of widely differing
taxonomy. CPsV has a wide geographical distribution in citrus in the
Americas, in the Mediterranean and in New Zealand. FreSV has been
reported in two species of the family Ranunculacae from Northern Italy,
and in lettuce in France and Germany. Tulip mild mottle mosaic virus
(TMMMV) has been reported in tulips in Japan. LRNV is closely associated
with lettuce ring necrosis disease in The Netherlands, Belgium, and
France, and FreSV has been reported in Europe, Africa, North America and
New Zealand.
Bücher und Buchkapitel
Dorka, R.; Miersch, O.; Hause, B.; Weik, P.; Wasternack, C. Chronobiologische Phänomene und Jasmonatgehalt bei Viscum album L. (Scheer, R.; Bauer, R.; Bekker, A.; Berg, P. A.; Fintelmann, V.). 49-56, (2009) ISBN: 978-3-933351-82
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Flores, R.; Carbonell, A.; Gago, S.; Martínez de Alba, A.E.; Delgado, S.; Rodio, M.E.; di Serio, F. Viroid-host interactions: A molecular dialogue between two uneven partners (Lorito, M., Woo, S. L., Scala, F.). 6 (chap. 58), 1-9, (2008)
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