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Displaying results 191 to 200 of 2545.

Publications

John, W. A.; Lückel, B.; Matschiavelli, N.; Hübner, R.; Matschi, S.; Hoehenwarter, W.; Sachs, S.; Endocytosis is a significant contributor to uranium(VI) uptake in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells in phosphate-deficient culture Sci. Total Environ. 823, 153700, (2022) DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153700

Endocytosis of metals in plants is a growing field of study involving metal uptake from the rhizosphere. Uranium, which is naturally and artificially released into the rhizosphere, is known to be taken up by certain species of plant, such as Nicotiana tabacum, and we hypothesize that endocytosis contributes to the uptake of uranium in tobacco. The endocytic uptake of uranium was investigated in tobacco BY-2 cells using an optimized setup of culture in phosphate-deficient medium. A combination of methods in biochemistry, microscopy and spectroscopy, supplemented by proteomics, were used to study the interaction of uranium and the plant cell. We found that under environmentally relevant uranium concentrations, endocytosis remained active and contributed to 14% of the total uranium bioassociation. Proteomics analyses revealed that uranium induced a change in expression of the clathrin heavy chain variant, signifying a shift in the type of endocytosis taking place. However, the rate of endocytosis remained largely unaltered. Electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed an adsorption of uranium to cell surfaces and deposition in vacuoles. Our results demonstrate that endocytosis constitutes a considerable proportion of uranium uptake in BY-2 cells, and that endocytosed uranium is likely targeted to the vacuole for sequestration, providing a physiologically safer route for the plant than uranium transported through the cytosol.Graphical abstract
Publications

Jaimez, R. E.; Barragan, L.; Fernández-Niño, M.; Wessjohann, L. A.; Cedeño-Garcia, G.; Sotomayor Cantos, I.; Arteaga, F.; Theobroma cacao L. cultivar CCN 51: a comprehensive review on origin, genetics, sensory properties, production dynamics, and physiological aspects PeerJ 10, e12676, (2022) DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12676

Many decades of improvement in cacao have aided to obtain cultivars with characteristics of tolerance to diseases, adaptability to different edaphoclimatic conditions, and higher yields. In Ecuador, as a result of several breeding programs, the clone CCN 51 was obtained, which gradually expanded through the cacao-production regions of Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil and Peru. Recognized for its high yield and adaptability to different regions and environments, it has become one of the most popular clones for breeding programs and cultivation around the world. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the origin, genetics, morphological, volatile compounds, and organoleptic characteristics of this clone. Physiological evidence, production dynamics, and floral biology are also included to explain the high yield of CCN 51. Thus, characteristics such as osmotic adjustment, long pollen longevity, and fruit formation are further discussed and associated with high production at the end of the dry period. Finally, the impact of this popular clone on the current and future cacao industry will be discussed highlighting the major challenges for flavor enhancement and its relevance as a platform for the identification of novel genetic markers for cultivar improvement in breeding programs.
Publications

Jäckel, L.; Schnabel, A.; Stellmach, H.; Klauß, U.; Matschi, S.; Hause, G.; Vogt, T.; The terminal enzymatic step in piperine biosynthesis is co‐localized with the product piperine in specialized cells of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Plant J. 111, 731–747, (2022) DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15847

Piperine (1-piperoyl piperidine) is responsible for the pungent perception of dried black pepper (Pipernigrum) fruits and essentially contributes to the aromatic properties of this spice in combination with ablend of terpenoids. The final step in piperine biosynthesis involves piperine synthase (PS), which catalyzesthe reaction of piperoyl CoA and piperidine to the biologically active and pungent amide. Nevertheless, experimental data on the cellular localization of piperine and the complete biosynthetic pathway are missing. Not only co-localization of enzymes and products, but also potential transport of piperamides to thesink organs is a possible alternative. This work, which includes purification of the native enzyme, immunolocalization, laser microdissection, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy combinedwith liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), providesexperimental evidence that piperine and PS are co-localized in specialized cells of the black pepper fruit peri-sperm. PS accumulates during early stages of fruit development and its level declines before the fruits arefully mature. The product piperine is co-localized to PS and can be monitored at the cellular level by itsstrong bluish fluorescence. Rising piperine levels during fruit maturation are consistent with the increasingnumbers of fluorescent cells within the perisperm. Signal intensities of individual laser-dissected cells whenmonitored by LC-ESI-MS/MS indicate molar concentrations of this alkaloid. Significant levels of piperineand additional piperamides were also detected in cells distributed in the cortex of black pepper roots. Insummary, the data provide comprehensive experimental evidence of and insights into cell-specific biosyn-thesis and storage of piperidine alkaloids, specific and characteristic for the Piperaceae. By a combination offluorescence microscopy and LC-MS/MS analysis we localized the major piperidine alkaloids to specific cellsof the fruit perisperm and the root cortex. Immunolocalization of native piperine and piperamide synthasesshows that enzymes are co-localized with high concentrations of products in these idioblasts.
Publications

Hussain, A.; Bourguet-Kondracki, M.-L.; Hussain, F.; Rauf, A.; Ibrahim, M.; Khalid, M.; Hussain, H.; Hussain, J.; Ali, I.; Khalil, A. A.; Alhumaydhi, F. A.; Khan, M.; Hussain, R.; Rengasamy, K. R. R.; The potential role of dietary plant ingredients against mammary cancer: a comprehensive review Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 62, 2580-2605, (2022) DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1855413

Breast cancer is known as the most devastating cancer in the global female community and is considered as one of the severe health care burdens in both developed and developing countries. In many cases, breast cancer has shown resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Keeping in view these limitations, there is an urgent need to develop safe, readily available and effective breast anticancer treatments. Therefore, the scientists are keen in the extraction of plant-based phytochemicals (organosulfur compounds, betalains, capsaicinoids, terpenes, terpenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids) and using them as breast anticancer agents. Results of numerous epidemiological investigations have revealed the promising role of phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. The diverse classes of plant bioactive metabolites regulate different metabolic and molecular processes, which can delay the proliferation of cancers. These phytochemicals possess chemo-preventive properties as they down-regulate the expression of estrogen receptor-α, inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, and cause cell cycle arrest by inducing apoptotic conditions in tumor cells. This review article discusses the potent role of various plant-based phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment or prevention of breast cancer along with the proposed mechanisms of action.
Publications

Hussain, S.; Hussain, W.; Nawaz, A.; Badshah, L.; Ali, A.; Ullah, S.; Ali, M.; Hussain, H.; Bussmann, R. W.; Quantitative ethnomedicinal study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the tribal communities of Central Kurram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Ethnobot. Res. App. 23, 1-30, (2022) DOI: 10.32859/era.23.5.1-31

Background: The use of plants for different ethnobotanical purposes is a common practice in the remote areas of developing countries, particularly in reference to human and animal healthcare. For this aim, it is important to document ethnomedicinal use of plants for human and livestock healthcare from unexplored regions. Objective: The current study aimed to document the use of medicinal plants and to assess their conservation status. We hypothesized that Central Kurram, due to its remoteness and maintenance of traditions would show distinct differences in medicinal plant use in comparison to other areas of Pakistan. Method: The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed using various quantitative indices including use value (UV), relative frequency of citation (RFC), use report (UR), fidelity level (FL), informant consensus factor (ICF) and family importance value (FIV). Plant samples were collected identified and then processed as voucher specimens following standard ethnobotanical practice. Results: One hundred twenty participants including 80 men and 40 women were interviewed. The participants reported a total of 106 plant species, belonging to 96 genera and 50 families. There were two families of pteridophytes (2 species), 2 families of gymnosperm (4 species) and 100 species belonging to 46 families of2 angiosperms. The local population used therapeutic plants to heal 114 different diseases in 19 aliment categories in the study area. A total of 106 species belonging to 50 families were documented as used to treat different types of illness. The UV ranged from 0.01 (Artemisia scoparia and Malva sylvestris) to 0.75 (Conyza canadensis). The RFC varied from 0.025 (Hyoscyamus niger and Senecio crysanthemoides) to 1.992 (Ephedra intermedia). The species with 100% FL were Astragalus stocksii and Artemisia scoparia, while the FCI ranged from 0 to 1 for insecticides and acoustic disorders. The conservation assessment revealed that 49 plant species were vulnerable, followed by rare (34 spp.), infrequent (7 spp.), Dominant (5spp.) And 5 endangered species. Conclusion: The current study showed that Central Kurram has a significant diversity of medicinal plant, and the use of medicinal plants and plant-based remedies is still common in the area. A total of 106 medicinal plant species, belonging to 50 families were documented for the treatment of 114 disorders. The residents used medicinal plants in treatment of important diseases such as Covid-19, cancer, dysentery, as diuretic, wound healing, and sexual diseases.
Publications

Hussain, H.; Prof. Ludger Wessjohann: A lifelong career dedicated to a remarkable service in “Natural products sciences” Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 5440, (2022) DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105440

Publications

Wasternack, C.; Deciphering the oxylipin signatures of necrotrophic infection in plants. A commentary on: Differential modulation of the lipoxygenase cascade during typical and latent Pectobacterium atrosepticum infections Ann. Bot. 129, i-iii, (2022) DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab142

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Publications

Walker, T. W. N.; Alexander, J. M.; Allard, P.-M.; Baines, O.; Baldy, V.; Bardgett, R. D.; Capdevila, P.; Coley, P. D.; David, B.; Defossez, E.; Endara, M.; Ernst, M.; Fernandez, C.; Forrister, D.; Gargallo‐Garriga, A.; Jassey, V. E. J.; Marr, S.; Neumann, S.; Pellissier, L.; Peñuelas, J.; Peters, K.; Rasmann, S.; Roessner, U.; Sardans, J.; Schrodt, F.; Schuman, M. C.; Soule, A.; Uthe, H.; Weckwerth, W.; Wolfender, J.; Dam, N. M.; Salguero‐Gómez, R.; Functional Traits 2.0: The power of the metabolome for ecology J. Ecol. 110, 4-20, (2022) DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13826

1. A major aim of ecology is to upscale attributes of individuals to understand processes at population, community and ecosystem scales. Such attributes are typically described using functional traits, that is, standardised characteristics that impact fitness via effects on survival, growth and/or reproduction. However, commonly used functional traits (e.g. wood density, SLA) are becoming increas-ingly criticised for not being truly mechanistic and for being questionable pre-dictors of ecological processes.2. This Special Feature reviews and studies how the metabolome (i.e. the thousands of unique metabolites that underpin physiology) can enhance trait-based ecology and our understanding of plant and ecosystem functioning.3. In this Editorial, we explore how the metabolome relates to plant functional traits, with reference to life-history trade-offs governing fitness between generations and plasticity shaping fitness within generations. We also identify solutions to challenges of acquiring, interpreting and contextualising metabolome data, and propose a roadmap for integrating the metabolome into ecology. 4. We next summarise the seven studies composing the Special Feature, which use the metabolome to examine mechanisms behind plant community assembly, plant-organismal interactions and effects of plants and soil micro-organisms on ecosystem processes. 5. Synthesis. We demonstrate the potential of the metabolome to improve mechanistic and predictive power in ecology by providing a high-resolution coupling between physiology and fitness. However, applying metabolomics to ecological questions is currently limited by a lack of conceptual, technical and data frameworks, which needs to be overcome to realise the full potential of the metabolome for ecology.
Publications

Voiniciuc, C.; Modern mannan: a hemicellulose\'s journey New Phytol. 234, 1175-1184, (2022) DOI: 10.1111/nph.18091

Hemicellulosic polysaccharides built of b-1,4-linked mannose units have been found throughout the plant kingdom and have numerous industrial applications. Here, I review recent advances in the biosynthesis and modification of plant b-mannans. These matrix polymers can associate with cellulose bundles to impact the mechanical properties of plant fibers or biocomposites. In certain algae, mannan microfibrils even replace cellulose as the dominant structural component of the cell wall. Conversely, patterned galactoglucomannan found in Arabidopsis thaliana seed mucilage significantly modulates cell wall architecture and abiotic stress tolerance despite its relatively low content. I also discuss the subcellular requirements for b-mannan biosynthesis, the increasing number of carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in this process, and the players that continue to be puzzling. I discuss how cellulose synthase-like enzymes elongate (gluco)mannans in orthogonal hosts and highlight the discoveries of plant enzymes that add specific galactosyl or acetyl decorations. Hydrolytic enzymes such as endo-b-1,4-mannanases have recently been involved in a wide range of biological contexts including seed germination, wood formation, heavy metal tolerance, and defense responses. Synthetic biology tools now provide faster tracks to modulate the increasingly-relevant mannan structures for improved plant traits and bioproducts.
Publications

Vogt, S.; Feijs, K.; Hosch, S.; De Masi, R.; Lintermann, R.; Loll, B.; Wirthmueller, L.; The superior salinity tolerance of bread wheat cultivar Shanrong No. 3 is unlikely to be caused by elevated Ta-sro1 poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity Plant Cell 34, 4130–4137, (2022) DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac261

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